21　Potsdam Declaration（ポツダム宣言ー英文）

    (1) We—the President of the United States, the President of the National Government of the Republic of China, and the Prime Minister of Great Britain, representing the hundreds of millions of our countrymen, have conferred and agree that Japan shall be given an opportunity to end this war.
    (2) The prodigious land, sea and air forces of the United States, the British Empire and of China, many times reinforced by their armies and air fleets from the west, are poised to strike the final blows upon Japan. This military power is sustained and inspired by the determination of all the Allied Nations to prosecute the war against Japan until she ceases to resist.
    (3) The result of the futile and senseless German resistance to the might of the aroused free peoples of the world stands forth in awful clarity as an example to the people of Japan . The might that now converges on Japan is immeasurably greater than that which, when applied to the resisting Nazis, necessarily laid waste to the lands, the industry and the method of life of the whole German people. The full application of our military power, backed by our resolve, will mean the inevitable and complete destruction of the Japanese armed forces and just as inevitably the utter devastation of the Japanese homeland.
   (4) The time has come for Japan to decide whether she will continue to be controlled by those self˗willed militaristic advisers whose unintelligent calculations have brought the Empire of Japan to the threshold of annihilation, or whether she will follow the path of reason.
    (5) Following are our terms. We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives. We shall brook no delay.
   (6) There must be eliminated for all time the authority and influence of those who have deceived and misled the people of Japan into embarking on world conquest, for we insist that a new order of peace, security and justice will be impossible until irresponsible militarism is driven from the　world.
   (7) Until such a new order is established and until there is convincing proof that Japan’s war˗making power is destroyed, points in Japanese territory to be designated by the Allies shall be occupied to secure the achievement of the basic objectives we are here setting forth.
    (8) The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu , Hokkaido , Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine.
   (9) The Japanese military forces, after being completely disarmed, shall be permitted to return to their homes with the opportunity to lead peaceful and productive lives.
   (10) We do not intend that the Japanese shall be enslaved as a race or destroyed as a nation, but stern justice shall be meted out to all war criminals, including those who have visited cruelties upon our prisoners. The Japanese Government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people. Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established.
   (11) Japan shall be permitted to maintain such industries as will sustain her economy and permit the exaction of just reparations in kind, but not those which would enable her to re˗arm for war. To this end, access to, as distinguished from control of, raw materials shall be permitted. Eventual Japanese participation in world trade relations shall be permitted.
   (12) The occupying forces of the Allies shall be withdrawn from Japan as soon as these objectives have been accomplished and there has been established in accordance with the freely expressed will of the Japanese people a peacefully inclined and responsible government.
   (13) We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction.

(注)	１．	出典は、「Department of States Bulletin, ⅩⅢ（July 29, 1945）外務省特別資料課編『日本占領及び管理重要文書集』第１巻、1949年８月10日」です。（『日米関係資料集 1945─97』東京大学出版会・1999年２月25日初版、1999年３月15日第２版から引用。）　なお、鹿島平和研究所編『日本外交主要文書・年表（１）』1941─1960（1983年２月15日第１刷・原書房発行）とも照合しました。
	２．	ポツダム（Potsdam）＝ドイツ東部、ブランデンブルク州の州都。ベルリンの南西に位置する。サンスーシ宮殿ほか多数の離宮・別荘は世界遺産。人口１６万４千（２０１５）。　ポツダム会談＝１９４５年７月１７日～８月２日、ポツダムにアメリカ合衆国・イギリス・ソ連三国の巨頭が会して、ヨーロッパにおける第二次大戦の事後処理について協定を結んだ会談。対日戦についてはポツダム宣言が合意された。　ポツダム宣言＝１９４５年７月２６日、ポツダムにおいてアメリカ合衆国・中華民国・イギリス（後にソ連が参加）が日本に対して発した共同宣言。降伏を勧告し、降伏条件と戦後の対日処理方針とを定めたもので、軍国主義的指導勢力の除去、戦争犯罪人の厳罰、連合国による占領、領土の制限、日本の徹底的民主化などを要求。日本ははじめこれを無視したが、原子爆弾の投下、ソ連の参戦により同年８月１４日受諾し、太平洋戦争が終結。　　　（以上、『広辞苑』第７版によりました。）
	３．	日本語訳の『ポツダム宣言』が、資料19にあります。

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